Advances in carbon-based nanomaterials for controlled carbon dioxide release in wound healing applications

Document Type

Review

Publication Date

7-1-2026

Abstract

Chronic wounds pose significant clinical challenges due to persistent infections, hypoxia, and inflammation, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. The present review highlights the development of carbon-based nanomaterials offers promising prospects for enhancing wound healing through the controlled release of carbon dioxide (CO2). Controlled CO2 administration accelerates the healing process by increasing angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, decreasing inflammation, and enhancing tissue oxygenation through the Bohr effect. Carbon nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds, offer unique mechanical, chemical, and biological properties favourable for sustained CO2 release. Biopolymer functionalization improves their antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and gas release characteristics. Customized nanomaterial design optimized for wound settings is made possible by precision production processes such as hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, and chemical vapor deposition. However, maintaining biocompatibility, reducing cytotoxicity, stabilizing CÕ2∼ release kinetics, and scaling production for clinical usage continue to be difficult tasks. The goal of this review is to thoroughly analyze the latest developments in carbon-based nanomaterials for wound healing, with a special emphasis on their use in regulated CO2 release to promote tissue regeneration. The authors emphasized the multidisciplinary challenges in converting these technologies into successful clinical treatments for chronic wounds and investigated the design of multifunctional, stimuli-responsive nanocomposites for customized, on-demand [CO2] delivery combined with antimicrobial and regenerative effects.

Keywords

Carbon nanomaterials, Controlled CO2 release, Graphene oxide, Wound healing

Publication Title

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

ISSN

1773-2247

DOI

10.1016/j.jddst.2026.108339

Volume

121

Publisher

Editions de Sante

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