Comparative finite element analysis of stress distribution of different implant-supported crown and abutment materials

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-27-2026

Abstract

Background: The additively manufactured definitive resins have been proposed for implant-supported restorations nowadays due to its shock absorbing capacity; however, there are limited studies evaluating the effects of different implant-supported crown and abutment materials on stress distribution in implant components and peri-implant bone. This finite element analysis (FEA) aimed to evaluate stress distribution in implant components and the peri-implant bone using different combinations of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia and three-dimensional (3D) printed ceramic filled hybrid materials for crown and CAD/CAM custom abutment. Methods: 3D models of a bone-level implant system and titanium base (Ti-base) abutments were created using standard tessellation language (STL) data. A mandibular first molar implant-supported crown was modelled with five different combinations of CAD/CAM zirconia and 3D printed ceramic filled hybrid materials for crown and CAD/CAM custom abutment. A vertical load of 600 N and an oblique load of 225 N at 45 degrees were applied. Stress distribution in implant components and peri-implant bone were evaluated using von Mises stress (VMS) analysis. Results: Under vertical and oblique loading, the overall von Mises stress values across all groups ranged from 102 to 214 MPa in the crown, 45-423 MPa in the CAD/CAM custom abutment, 158-225 MPa in the abutment screw, 242-580 MPa in the Ti-base abutment, 201-461 MPa in the fixture, and 122-204 MPa in the cortical bone. Under both loads, groups CAD/CAM zirconia crown paired with 3D printed ceramic filled hybrid material abutments notably demonstrated reduced stress at the CAD/CAM custom abutment (90% reduction) and Ti-base abutment (27% reduction). The stress distribution in the cortical and cancellous bones remained comparable across all groups under both loads. Conclusions: Different combinations of CAD/CAM zirconia and 3D printed ceramic filled hybrid materials for crown and CAD/CAM custom abutment, positively influenced the stress distribution within the abutment complex (custom abutment and Ti-base abutment). However, the stresses in the implant fixture and peri-implant bone showed no notable change.

Keywords

Finite element analysis, Implant-Supported dental prosthesis, Crowns, Dental abutments, Three-Dimensional printing, Computer-Aided design, Computer-Aided manufacturing, Zirconia, Stress analysis

Publication Title

BMC Oral Health

ISSN

1472-6831

DOI

10.1186/s12903-026-07684-1

Volume

26

Issue

1

First Page

402

Publisher

BMC

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