CAR-T Cells/-NK cells in cancer immunotherapy and the potential of MSC to enhance its efficacy: a review
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2022
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) plays a dynamic role in targeting tumour-associated antigens in cancer cells. This novel therapeutic discovery combines fragments of monoclonal antibodies with the signalling and co-stimulatory domains that have been modified to its current fourth generation. CAR has been widely implemented in T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells immunotherapy. The significant advancement in CAR technology is evident based on numerous ongoing clinical trials on CAR-T/-NK cells and successful CAR-related products such as Kymriah (Novartis) and Yescarta (Kite Pharma, Gilead). Another important cell-based therapy is the engineering of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Researchers have been exploring MSCs and their innate homing abilities to tumour sites and secretion cytokines that bridge both CAR and MSC technologies as a therapeutic agent. This combination allows for both therapies to overcome each one's flaw as an immunotherapy intervention. Herein, we have provided a concise review on the background of CAR and its applications in different cancers, as well as MSCs' unique ability as delivery vectors for cancer therapy and the possibility of enhancing the CAR-immune cells' activity. Hence, we have highlighted throughout this review the synergistic effects of both interventions.
Keywords
CAR, Chimeric antigen receptor, CAR-T cell, CAR-NK cell, Cancer, Immunotherapy, MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell
Divisions
biomedengine
Funders
Medical Faculty of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [Grant No: FF-2020-327]
Publication Title
Biomedicines
Volume
10
Issue
4
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND