Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Malay Shoulder Pain and Disability Index

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2022

Abstract

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index from English to Malay, and to evaluate the measurement properties of the Malay version among Malay speakers with shoulder pain. MethodsCross-cultural adaptation of the Malay version of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (M-SPADI) was conducted according to international guidelines. 260 participants (Shoulder pain = 130, No shoulder pain = 130) completed the M-SPADI, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and measurement of shoulder active range of motion (AROM). 54 participants repeated M-SPADI within a mean of 9.2 days. ResultsCross-cultural adaptation of M-SPADI had no major issues. The M-SPADI had good face validity; item and scale content validity indexes (I-CVI, S-CVI) were >0.79 except for Disability Item 3 (I-CVI = 0.75), and exploratory factor analysis showed that M-SPADI had a bidimensional structure. There was a strong positive correlation between M-SPADI and NRS (r(Pain) = 0.845, r(Disability) = 0.722, r(Total) = 0.795, p <0.001) and a negative correlation between M-SPADI and shoulder AROM with the following correlation ranges (r(Pain) = -0.316 to -0.637, r(Disability) = -0.419 to -0.708, r(Total) = -0404 to -0.697, p<0.001). M-SPADI's total score was higher in participants with shoulder pain (Mdn: 33.8, IQR = 37.3) compared to no shoulder pain (Mdn:0, IQR = 0.8) and the difference was statistically significant (U = 238.5, z = -13.89, p<0.001). M-SPADI had no floor or ceiling effects (floor/ceiling <15%), high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha(Pain) = 0.914, Cronbach's alpha(Disability) = 0.945) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICCPain = 0.922, ICCDisability = 0.859, ICCTotal = 0.895). ConclusionM-SPADI has a bi-dimensional structure with no floor or ceiling effects, established face, content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. M-SPADI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing Malay-speaking individuals with shoulder pain in clinical and research settings.

Keywords

Shoulder Pain, Internal consistency, Disability Index, Malay speakers

Publication Title

PLoS ONE

Divisions

biomedengine,sportmedicine

Funders

Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya [Grant No: PV2018-62-UMSC]

Volume

17

Issue

3

Publisher

Public Library of Science

Publisher Location

1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA

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