Adulteration detection of edible bird's nests using rapid spectroscopic techniques coupled with multi-class discriminant analysis
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-1-2022
Abstract
Edible bird's nests (EBNs) are vulnerable to adulteration due to their huge demand for traditional medicine and high market price. Presently, there are pressing needs to explore field-deployable rapid screening techniques to detect adulteration of EBNs. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using a handheld near-infrared (VIS/SW-NIR) spectroscopic device for the determination of EBN authenticity against the benchmark performance of a benchtop mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. Forty-nine authentic EBNs from the different states in Malaysia and 13 different adulterants (five types) were obtained and used to simulate the adulteration of EBNs at 1, 5 and 10% adulteration by mass (a total of 15 adulterated samples). The VIS/SW-NIR and MIR spectra collated were subsequently processed, modelled and classified using multi-class discriminant analysis. The VIS/SW-NIR results showed 100% correct classification for the collagen and nutrient agar classes in authenticity classification, while for the other classes, the lowest correct classification rate was 96.3%. For MIR analysis, only the karaya gum class had 100% correct classification whilst for the other four classes, the lowest rate of correct classification was at 94.4%. In conclusion, the combination of spectroscopic analysis with chemometrics can be a powerful screening tool to detect EBN adulteration.
Keywords
Edible bird's nest, Mid-infrared, Near-infrared, Adulteration, Multi-class discriminant analysis
Divisions
pharmacy
Funders
InternationalAtomic EnergyAgency (IAEA) under the TechnicalCooperation Program [MAL5030],Coordinated Research Project (CRP) [D52040/G42007] [22215] [USM304/PTEKIND/650887]
Publication Title
Foods
Volume
11
Issue
16
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND