Roles and therapeutic implications of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-1-2021
Abstract
In different pathological states that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium depletion, altered glycosylation, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, DNA damage or energy perturbation/fluctuations, the protein folding process is disrupted and the ER becomes stressed. Studies in the past decade have demonstrated that ER stress is closely associated with pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Excess nutrients and inflammatory cytokines associated with metabolic diseases can trigger or worsen ER stress. ER stress plays a critical role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor have been identified to regulate ER stress, whilst ER stress contributes to the imbalanced production between nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress. Several drugs or herbs have been proved to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress. The present article reviews the involvement of ER stress and oxidative stress in cardiovascular dysfunction and the potential therapeutic implications.
Keywords
Endoplasmic reticulum stress, Oxidative stress, Cardiovascular diseases
Divisions
fac_med
Funders
Research Committee of the University of Macau [Grant No: SRG201900154-ICMS & MYRG2019-00157-ICMS],Operation Fund of State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine of University of Macau (SKL-QRCM(UM)-2020-2022),HongKong RGC-Senior Research Fellow Scheme [Grant No: SRFS2021-4S04]
Publication Title
Antioxidants
Volume
10
Issue
8
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND