A molecular imprinted polymer tethered QCM sensor to classify lemongrass essential oils
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-1-2025
Abstract
Citral is the major constituent of lemongrass essential oil (LEO) which has widespread use in pharmaceutical, culinary and cosmetic industries due to its characteristic lemon aroma. The present study uses a quartz crystal microbalance sensor coated with a specific molecularly imprinted polymer to detect citral in several LEOs. The surface of the quartz crystal had been modified by a citral imprinted copolymer of acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to establish the surface morphology. The suggested sensor demonstrated a linear operation from 10 to 600 ppm (parts per million) with a sensitivity of 0.172 Hz/ppm. The sensor has a good repeatability of 93.989 % and reproducibility of 91.969 %. There was a substantial correlation between sensor performance and gas chromatographic analysis of LEO samples having average prediction accuracy of 96.642 %, obtained from the PLSR model. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated the clustering of these four samples. Furthermore, the chemometric analysis was done using the sensor response data with three classifiers, k nearest neighbors (KNN) model, an artificial neural network (ANN) with a back-propagation multilayer perceptron (BPMLP) model, and a support vector machine (SVM). The classifier trio had a respectable overall accuracy of 84 %, with KNN outperforming the others at 85.687 %.
Keywords
Lemongrass essential oil, Citral, MIP, QCM, KNN, BPMLP, SVM
Divisions
nanocat
Funders
Department of Science & Technology (India) Science Engineering Research Board (SERB), India [Grant No: SUR/2022/002832]
Publication Title
Sensors and Actuators A-Physical
Volume
383
Publisher
Elsevier Science SA
Publisher Location
PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND