Understanding the regulation of sulfur on surface-dominated hard carbon anode for sodium ion batteries
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2025
Abstract
To tune electronic conductivity and improve capacity and stability of hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sulfur (S) atom doping is considered an effective approach. However, the relationship between S-regulation and the surface capacitive behavior is still unclear. This work obtains in-situ S-doped porous carbon materials (SPCs) with S-containing species varying with calcination temperature. This work discovers that Sregulation has a modulating effect on all sodium storage stages: ``adsorption-intercalation-pore filling''. In surface-dominated process, C-S, chain sulfur bonds, and C-SO2 bonds with effective negative potentials are considered have higher adsorb capability, providing additional adsorption sites for SPCs. During intercalation stage, the balance between the interlayer spacing and the graphitization degree of SPCs, can promote satisfactory intercalation capacity. Additionally, the S-containing inorganic templates provides sufficient mesopores for SPCs, enabling efficient sodium storage during the pore-filling stage. The SPC carbonized at 600 degrees C with regulated S-doping provides 260.5 mAh g-1 and 721.4 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 in SIBs and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and shows a high retention of 92.9 % and 95.4 % after 50th in SIBs and LIBs full-cells. This work provides guidance for understanding the contribution of S-regulation to surface-domainted capacitive behavior and designing tailor-made S-regulated carbon anodes.
Keywords
Sodium-ion batteries, S -doped porous carbon, Surface-dominated capacity, Excellent cycle properties
Divisions
PHYSICS
Funders
Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2022/STG05/UM/02/3),University of Malaya Research Grant (ST089-2022)
Publication Title
Journal of Power Sources
Volume
625
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher Location
RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS