Wild-caught adult black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from various ecological landscapes in Malaysia
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-1-2024
Abstract
Most studies on black flies focus on the taxonomy and ecology of their aquatic stages. Despite posing a public health threat, the adults remain poorly studied in many countries, including Malaysia. The present study represents the first investigation of the distribution of wild-caught black flies from various ecological landscapes and climatic conditions in Malaysia. CO2-baited Malaise traps were set randomly at 41 sampling sites across Peninsular Malaysia from 2020 to 2023. In total, 532 black flies belonging to 14 species of four subgenera were captured. To ensure taxonomic rigor, specimens were identified to species morphologically and molecularly. The subgenus Gomphostilbia was the most abundant (71.43 %), followed by Simulium (14.28 %) and Davieselleum and Nevermannia each representing 7.14 % of the total captures. These species represented 14.74 % of the total species recorded from Malaysia. The most frequently collected species were Simulium roslihashimi (24.39 %), followed by S. aureohirtum, S. vanluni, and S. (Gomphostilbia) sp. 1 with 7.32 % each. The highest relative abundance was found for S. vanluni (86.09 %) and S. roslihashimi (7.14 %). Most species were found at elevation below 300 m (78.57 %); fewer were at elevation higher than 1,000 m (21.43 %). Two principal components accounted for 85.3 % of the total intersite variance. Simulium roslihashimi was found at almost every site, with a maximum relative humidity of 90 %. Simulium aureohirtum and S. vanluni were found at sites with relative humidity up to 73 %, but S. aureohirtum was found at higher temperatures (31 degrees C) compared with S. roslihashimi (28 degrees C) and S. vanluni (29 degrees C). The present study establishes the groundwork for further studies of wild adults in Malaysia and identifies the need to use more traps over the range of seasons and environmental conditions, particularly near breeding sites.
Keywords
Ecology, Simulium, Malaise trap, Distribution, Taxonomy
Divisions
tidrec
Funders
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) niche area vector and vector-borne diseases [Grant No: MO002-2019; TIDREC-2023]
Publication Title
Acta Tropica
Volume
259
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher Location
RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS