Direct evidence of time-dependent crystallization evolution of SAPO-34 and SAPO-20 zeolites directed by trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide for microwave-assisted ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2024
Abstract
Time-dependent crystallization evolution for synthesizing SAPO34 and SAPO-20 zeolites from a very active hydrogel is followed and reported where the XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTG, SEM/EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption and TPD-NH3 techniques are used. During the crystallization process, the hydrophobic trimethylbenzylammonium cation (BTMA+) has shown its ability as an effective structure-directing and pore filling agent. The resulting pure SAPO-34 and SAPO-20 show high crystallinity, where SAPO-34 exhibits higher porosity (393 m2 g-1, 0.24 cm3 g-1) and acidity (1.20 mmol g-1) than SAPO-20 (29 m2 g-1, 0.16 cm3 g-1, 0.02 mmol g-1), and these features are highly beneficial in the microwave-assisted ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol. SAPO-34 shows outstanding catalytic activity (100% conversion, 72.5 +/- 0.3% yield of ethyl levulinate) and its performance is much superior to that of SAPO-20 and other classical catalysts thanks to its medium pore size that induces molecular sieving effect. The spent SAPO-34 catalyst has high recyclability with stable activity, making it a superior and cost-effective catalyst for various selective petrochemical reactions. Time-dependent crystallization evolution for synthesizing SAPO34 and SAPO-20 zeolites from a very active hydrogel is followed and reported where the XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTG, SEM/EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption and TPD-NH3 techniques are used.
Keywords
Selective Catalytic-Reduction, Nanocrystal Growth, Methanol, Parameters, Conversion, Stability, Acidity, Olefins, Layers
Divisions
InstituteofBiologicalSciences,nanotechnology
Funders
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (FRGS/1/2022/STG05/USM/02/12),Ministry of Education, Malaysia (PNURSP2024R18),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
Publication Title
New Journal of Chemistry
Volume
48
Issue
15
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Location
THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND