PDADMAC/Alginate-Coated Gold Nanorod For Eradication of Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2024
Abstract
Introduction: Over 75% of clinical microbiological infections are caused by bacterial biofilms that grow on wounds or implantable medical devices. This work describes the development of a new poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/alginatecoated gold nanorod (GNR/Alg/PDADMAC) that effectively disintegrates the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), a prominent pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. Methods: GNR was synthesised via seed-mediated growth method, and the resulting nanoparticles were coated first with Alg and then PDADMAC. FTIR, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis were performed to characterise the nanoparticles. The efficacy and speed of the non-coated GNR and GNR/Alg/PDADMAC in disintegrating S. aureus - preformed biofilms, as well as their in vitro biocompatibility (L929 murine fibroblast) were then studied. Results: The synthesised GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (mean length: 55.71 +/- 1.15 nm, mean width: 23.70 +/- 1.13 nm, aspect ratio: 2.35) was biocompatible and potent in eradicating preformed biofilms of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) when compared to triclosan, an antiseptic used for disinfecting S. aureus colonisation on abiotic surfaces in the hospital. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (MBEC 50 for MRSA biofilm = 0.029 nM; MBEC 50 for MSSA biofilm = 0.032 nM) were significantly lower than those of triclosan (MBEC 50 for MRSA biofilm = 10,784 nM; MBEC 50 for MRSA biofilm 5967 nM). Moreover, GNR/Alg/PDADMAC was effective in eradicating 50% of MRSA and MSSA biofilms within 17 min when used at a low concentration (0.15 nM), similar to triclosan at a much higher concentration (50 mu M). Disintegration of MRSA and MSSA biofilms was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusion: These findings support the potential application of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC as an alternative agent to conventional antiseptics and antibiotics for the eradication of medically important MRSA and MSSA biofilms.
Keywords
biofilm, gold nanorod, S. aureus, PDADMAC, MRSA, MSSA
Divisions
fac_med,molecular,medbio,CHEMISTRY,nanotechnology,pharchemistry
Funders
Impact-oriented Interdisciplinary Research Grant (IIRG) from the Universiti Malaya (IIRG003B-19FNW); (IIRG003C-19FNW),Ministry of Education, Malaysia,National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) , Taiwan, ROC (NSTC 112-2321-B-A49-005); (NSTC 112-2927-I-A49-001),Ministry of Education through the SPROUT Project and the Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Biodevices (IDS 2 B) of NYCU, Taiwan, ROC (NSTC 111-2112-M-A49-025); (MSTC 110-2923-M-009-005-MY3); (NSTC 111-2927-I-A49-004)
Publication Title
International Journal of Nanomedicine
Volume
19
Publisher
Dove Medical Press
Publisher Location
PO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALAND