A Fast Startup 38.4-MHz Crystal Oscillator Achieving 99-nJ Startup Energy With Adaptive Chirping
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2024
Abstract
Shortening the startup time of a crystal oscillator is critical in improving the energy efficiency of the Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes. This article presents an investigative study on the application of adaptive chirping using zero-phase cross-detection to reduce the startup time of a crystal oscillator that is robust to voltage, temperature and even process variations without any costly trimming. Post-layout simulations on a 38.4 MHz crystal resonator with 1.0 V supply and 65-nm CMOS process confirms the feasibility of this approach and its ability to effectively reduce the startup time by correcting both phase and frequency mismatches. The results showcase the promising potential of zero-phase adaptive chirp as a viable variation-tolerant technique allowing for a high frequency mismatch tolerance of 1.1 x10(6 )ppm-Delta f.
Keywords
Crystals, Chirp, Resonant frequency, Resonance, Impedance, Internet of Things, Wireless sensor networks, CMOS technology, Energy efficiency, CMOS, Internet-of-Things (IoT), crystal oscillator (XO), startup time, chirp injection, motional current, adaptive chirp injection, energy injection
Divisions
fac_eng,sch_ecs
Publication Title
IEEE Access
Volume
12
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher Location
445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA