ZnO intercalated into graphene oxide based 2-D binary composite for improved thermal properties using as a potential nanofluid
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-2023
Abstract
Nanofluids have expanded a substantial approbation in the renewable and sustainable energy field. A small number of solid nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity added into conventional fluid could develop a bigger improvement in heat transfer. The current study is focused on the preparation of metal oxide (ZnO) and Graphene oxide (GO) based composite nanofluids to achieve the higher thermal properties of composite as a potential nanofluid. The advanced hummer method and sonochemical techniques were used to synthesize ZnO, GO, and ZnO@GO composites. Further 2-step preparation methods were used to prepare ZnO@GO/DW based stable nanofluids at changing 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, and 0.025 wt% concentrations. All the materials were confirmed by different characterizations like XRD, RAMAN, FESEM, EDX, and UV-Vis analysis. At 0.1 wt% all the nano-fluids showed a higher thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density which is 0.821 W/m.K, 2.85 kg.m(-1)s(-1), and 1.0018 g/cm(3). All the wt.% were tested for stability analysis using the sedimentation photograph method and found remarkable stability up to 5 weeks after the day of preparation without using any surfactant. Similarly, all the nanofluids were tested for hydrodynamic characteristics like friction coefficient (ff), pressure drop(Delta P), and pumping power (PP) where a notable value of friction was 0.057, a 12000 m. Pa pressure drop and 1.45 MPa pumping power were achieved at 0.1 wt% against the higher value of Reynold numbers (5849 to 24544). Finally, the greater development in average heat transfer/Nusselt numbers was achieved which is 3010/70 W/m(2).K, 2490/42 W/m(2).K, 2133/32 W/m(2).K 2000/29 W/m(2).K and 1000/W/m(2).K for all wt.% and base fluid (DW) at a higher rate of Reynold Number. This all happened due to the use of ZnO and GO composite together.
Keywords
Composite, Nanofluids, Heat transfer, Nusselt numbers, Thermal conductivity
Divisions
mechanical
Funders
National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFE0137400)
Publication Title
Journal of Molecular Liquids
Volume
391
Issue
B
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher Location
RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS