Twitter trolling of Pakistani female journalists: A patriarchal society glance
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2023
Abstract
The incorporation of new media technology into journalistic practices led to online harassment, particularly of female journalists. The researchers investigated the tweets of four prominent Pakistani female journalists through the lens of post-colonial feminism and symbolic violence. The qualitative analysis of 239 tweets revealed themes that corroborated the dominance of sociocultural and political grounds in undermining the status of women and making them susceptible to online harassment. In culturally traditional communities, the position of women is ``gender specific,'' and socioeconomic status cannot guarantee women's safety from cultural behaviors. The harassment themes included ``you called for it,'' adhering to the limits of a male-dominated society, women's card, threats, ``lifafa,'' shamelessness, religious policing, moral policing, and pseudo-intellectual labeling. The study recommends expanding research in sociopolitical, religious, and cultural contexts to comprehend symbolic violence, particularly in relation to women.
Keywords
Pakistani female journalists, social media harassment, symbolic violence, trolling, Twitter
Divisions
universiti
Publication Title
Media, Culture & Society
Volume
45
Issue
6
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Publisher Location
1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND