A comparative study of the surface modification of cellulose using glutaric anhydride and succinic anhydride through a greener technique
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2023
Abstract
The comparison of glutaric anhydride (GA) and succinic anhydride (SA) and reaction time on the surface modification of microfibrillated cellulose under a green and solvent-free technique were investigated. The degree of substitution (DS) and FTIR results showed that both anhydrides could successfully introduce carboxylate functional groups on the cellulose surface. The DS for GA and SA was 1.5 & PLUSMN; 0.2 and 3.5 & PLUSMN; 0.2 mmol of carboxylic acid/g of cellulose, respectively. The zeta potential results confirmed increasing surface charge from - 10.9 & PLUSMN; 0.6 to - 23.03 & PLUSMN; 1.7 mV for modified celluloses with GA and SA, respectively. Analysis of morphology by SEM showed all samples had fibrous structures; however, a decrease in fiber length was observed after modification. DSC results showed that carboxylation of cellulose using GA and SA caused different heat of evaporations and the onset temperature of exothermic peaks and their apex moved to lower temperatures while no significant changes in the phase transition profiles were observed. The current findings demonstrated that GA could be used as a safer and greener alternative to SA for the carboxylation of cellulose through a solvent-free and catalyst-free process.
Keywords
Catalyst-free process, Cellulose carboxylation, Green synthesis, Solvent-free process
Divisions
nanotechnology
Funders
Iran National Science Foundation [Grant no. INSF]
Publication Title
Cellulose
Volume
30
Issue
14
Publisher
Springer
Publisher Location
VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS