Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners

Authors

• Siti Munirah Ishak
• Noorfatimah Yahaya
• Saw Hong Loh
• Sazlinda Kamaruzaman
• Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
• Maisarah Nasution Waras
• Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah
• Mazidatulakmam Miskam
• Muggundha RaoovFollow
• Noorizan Abd Aziz
• Yahaya Hassan

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-1-2023

Abstract

Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin commonly found in shellfish, produced by dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial blooms in seawater or fresh water. This review dissects the conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the emerging microscale sample preparation method, followed by their achievements in the preconcentration of saxitoxin-group toxins from different matrices. Despite the tedious and multi-step procedures, LLE and SPE remain the most applied techniques in detecting saxitoxin due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, microscale sample preparation offers potential as a green technique, especially in the development of advanced adsorbents for better sensitivity.

Keywords

Saxitoxin, Sample preparation, Paralytic shellfish toxins, Foods, Environmental, Biological

Publication Title

Chromatographia

Recommended Citation

Ishak, Siti Munirah; Yahaya, Noorfatimah; Loh, Saw Hong; Kamaruzaman, Sazlinda; Zain, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad; Waras, Maisarah Nasution; Abdullah, Wan Nazwanie Wan; Miskam, Mazidatulakmam; Raoov, Muggundha; Aziz, Noorizan Abd; and Hassan, Yahaya, "Research progress on extraction and analytical methods for saxitoxin and its congeners" (2023). Research Publications (2021 to 2025). 3093.
https://knova.um.edu.my/research_publications_2021_2025/3093

Divisions

CHEMISTRY

Funders

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [FRGS/1/2021/STG04/USM/02/4, 203.CIPPT.6711973]

Volume

86

Issue

5

Publisher

Springer

Publisher Location

TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY