Co-doped, tri-doped, and rare-earth-doped g-C3N4 for photocatalytic applications: State-of-the-art
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-1-2022
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and overpopulation have led to energy shortages and environmental pollution, accelerating research to solve the issues. Currently, metal-free photocatalysts have gained the intensive attention of scientists due to their environmental-friendly nature and ease of preparation. It was noticed that g-C3N4 (GCN) consists of a few outstanding properties that could be used for various applications such as water treatment and clean energy production. Nonetheless, bare GCN contains several drawbacks such as high charge recombination, limited surface area, and low light sensitivity. Several solutions have been applied to overcome GCN limitations. Co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping can be effective solutions to modify the GCN structure and improve its performance toward photocatalysis. This review highlights the function of multi-elemental and rare-earth dopants in GCN structure, mechanisms, and performance for photocatalytic applications as well as the advantages of co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping of GCN. This review summarizes the different roles of dopants in addressing the limitations of GCN. Therefore, this article critically reviewed how multi-elemental and rare-earth-doping affect GCN properties and enhanced photoactivity for various applications.
Keywords
Co-doping, tri-doping, rare-earth-doping, g-C3N4, metal-based, non-metal-based, photocatalysis
Divisions
fac_med,nanocat
Funders
Universiti Malaya, Institute of Research and Management,Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, the Republic of China [Grant No:MOST 110-2637-E-027-007-]
Publication Title
Catalysts
Volume
12
Issue
6
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND