Immune recognition versus immune evasion systems in Zika virus infection

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-1-2023

Abstract

The reemergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in recent years has posed a serious threat to global health. Despite being asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in a majority of infected individuals, ZIKV infection can result in severe manifestations including neurological complications in adults and congenital abnormalities in newborns. In a human host, ZIKV is primarily recognized by RIG-like receptors and Toll-like receptors that elicit anti-viral immunity through the secretion of type I interferon (IFN) to limit viral survival, replication, and pathogenesis. Intriguingly, ZIKV evades its host immune system through various immune evasion strategies, including suppressing the innate immune receptors and signaling pathways, mutation of viral structural and non-structural proteins, RNA modulation, or alteration of cellular pathways. Here, we present an overview of ZIKV recognition by the host immune system and the evasion strategies employed by ZIKV. Characterization of the host-viral interaction and viral disease mechanism provide a platform for the rational design of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV infection.

Keywords

Immune recognition, Immune evasion, Pathogen-recognition receptors, RIG-like receptor, Type I interferon, Zika virus

Publication Title

Biomedicines

Divisions

fac_med,tidrec

Funders

Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education Long-Term Research,LRGS/MRUN/F1/01/2018,Universiti Malaya,GPF004A-2020

Volume

11

Issue

2

Publisher

MDPI

Publisher Location

ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND

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