Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-5-2022
Abstract
Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires a large consumption of expensive ILs. This study innovatively employs tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAm]CI]) as an additive in water medium to associate with microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction (MAILE) in extracting lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) microalgae. In extraction, knowledge of reaction kinetics is crucial since it provides the foundation for developing, controlling, and improving the processes of extraction. Herein, using MAILE, lipids are extracted from N. oceanica microalgae and transesterified to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mass transfer kinetics are, therefore, investigated using the first and second-order rate law and Patricelli's model. In the development of models, the influence of temperature (60-90 degrees C) and reaction time (1-25 min) on EPA extraction is empirically evaluated. From the thermodynamic study, the positive values of Delta S (+0.10 kJ ma(-1) K-1) and Delta H (+32.50 kJ mol(-1)) and the negative value of Delta G (-1.68 to -4.75 kJ mol(-1)) confirm that this process is endothermic in nature, irreversible and spontaneous. MAILE proves to be a promising approach for the extraction of high-quality EPAs. Due to its low cost, rapid operation, and environmental friendliness, it is seen to be suitable for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Keywords
ASSISTED EXTRACTION, IONIC LIQUID, LIPID EXTRACTION, OIL EXTRACTION, BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, SOLVENT-EXTRACTION, OPTIMIZATION, TRANSESTERIFICATION, CHLORELLA, HYDRODISTILLATION
Divisions
sch_che
Funders
Program Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation [B16F640166],Chulalongkorn University
Publication Title
PLoS ONE
Volume
17
Issue
5
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Publisher Location
1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA