Strategies for fuel property enhancement for second-generation multi-feedstock biodiesel
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-1-2022
Abstract
Fatty acids from non-edible bioresources are highly sought after as biofuel feedstock and the use of multi-stream feedstock for biodiesel production is of interest. This study explores the potential of using blended feedstock consisting of inedible jatropha oil (JO) and waste cooking oil (WO) for biodiesel production. Prior to blending, the unfavourable high acid value of jatropha oil was esterified under the most optimal conditions of 60 degrees C, 1% H2SO4 catalyst and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 11:1 to maximise the esterified yield (81.1 %). Based on the acid value measurement, the optimum volumetric blend of WO/EJO was determined to be 90/10 with the lowest acid value of 1.9 mg KOH g(-1) which was then utilised as feedstock for base-catalysed transesterification. The KOH catalysed transesterification was optimised at 60 degrees C, 1 wt% KOH catalyst and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1 to produce biodiesel with low acid value (0.2 mg KOH g(-1)), high calorific value (38.4 MJ kg(-1)), high oxidation stability (similar to 11 h) and favourable viscosity (4.7 mm(2) s(-1)). The results show that the produced biodiesel has acceptable physicochemical properties but its properties can further be improved by blending with petroleum diesel and antioxidant. Among those produced blend derivatives, petroleum diesel and biodiesel blend (80:20) or B20 showed the best improvement with high calorific value (46.6 MJ/kg), high oxidation stability (similar to 37 h) and low acid value (0.3 mg KOH g(-1)). Based on the study, in situ feedstock blending of WO/EJO can improve the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel and reduce the dependency on single feedstock. Biodiesel blending with commercial diesel can enhance the biodiesel fuel properties and such derivatives can be directly applied in an existing engine.
Keywords
Biofuel, Alternative energy, Waste management, Antioxidants, Biodiesel blending, Environmental sustainability
Funders
Shanghai Jiao Tong University[WF220428004],Shanghai Jiao Tong University[BE2800001],University of Malaya under SATU joint research scheme[ST005-2017],Center of Reliability Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology
Publication Title
Fuel
Volume
315
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher Location
THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND