Distribution of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters of Peninsular Malaysia and their decay rates in tropical seawater
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-2022
Abstract
We investigated the appropriateness of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters. We compared total coliform (undetectable to 7.2 x 105 cfu 100 mL-1), faecal coliform (undetectable to 6.1 x 105 cfu 100 mL-1) and enterococci (undetectable to 3.1 x 104 cfu 100 mL-1) distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal indicator bacteria was highest in freshwater, and lowest in seawater (q > 4.18, p < 0.01). We also measured the decay rates of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium in microcosms. In seawater, average decay rate for E. coli was 0.084 +/- 0.029 h-1, and higher than E. faecium (0.048 +/- 0.024 h-1) (t = 2.527, p < 0.05). Grazing accounted for 54 % of both E. coli and E. faecium decay. E. coli decayed in the <0.02 mu m seawater fraction (0.023 +/- 0.012 h-1) but E. faecium sometimes grew. Seawater warming further uncoupled the response from both E. coli and E. faecium as E. faecium grew and E. coli decayed with warming. Our results suggested that the prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria in tropical waters was not due to faecal pollution alone, and this will have serious implications towards the use of these faecal indicator bacteria.
Keywords
Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Grazing loss rates, Decay rates, Persistence
Divisions
InstituteofBiologicalSciences
Funders
Ministry of Education, Malaysia IOES-2014D,Universiti Malaya TU001B-2018,National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41961144022
Publication Title
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Volume
185
Issue
A
Publisher
Elsevier
Publisher Location
THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND