Immune checkpoint molecules and glucose metabolism in HIV-Induced T cell exhaustion
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-1-2022
Abstract
The progressive decline of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients due to infection-triggered cell exhaustion and cell death is significantly correlated with disease severity and progression into the life-threatening acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. T cell exhaustion is a condition of cell dysfunction despite antigen engagement, characterized by augmented surface expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which suppress T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and negatively impact the proliferative and effector activities of T cells. T cell function is tightly modulated by cellular glucose metabolism, which produces adequate energy to support a robust reaction when battling pathogen infection. The transition of the T cells from an active to an exhausted state following pathogen persistence involves a drastic change in metabolic activity. This review highlights the interplay between immune checkpoint molecules and glucose metabolism that contributes to T cell exhaustion in the context of chronic HIV infection, which could deliver an insight into the rational design of a novel therapeutic strategy.
Keywords
CTLA-4, HIV, Glucose, Metabolism, PD-1, T cell exhaustion
Divisions
fac_med,medicinedept
Funders
Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education Fundamental Research Grant Scheme FRGS/1/2018/SKK11/UM/01/1,FRGS/1/2022/SKK12/UM/02/34
Publication Title
Biomedicines
Volume
10
Issue
11
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND