Role of Ni-Fe/ZSM-5/SAPO-11 bifunctional catalyst on hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil and triolein for alternative jet fuel production
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2022
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of four bifunctional catalysts S1 = (ZSM-5/SAPO-11), S2 = (5%Ni/ZSM5/SAPO-11), S3 = (5%Fe/ZSM-5/SAPO-11), and S4 = (5%Ni-Fe/ZSM-5/SAPO-11) on the hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil and triolein for alternative jet fuel production. All catalysts were synthesized in situ via wet impregnation method and characterized using BET, XRD, H2-TPR, FESEM, NH3-TPD, Pyridine-FTIR, and TGA analyses. Hydrodeoxygenation was found to progress via the removal of carboxyl group in the fatty acid structure as CO2 and CO. However, the formation of alkanes (C11-C29) and aromatics (C18-C24) were obtained by additional cracking of fatty acids over the bifunctional catalysts. The novelty of the present work lies in finding appropriate catalyst and yields of alkanes and aromatics from palm oil and triolein hydrodeoxygenation. Maximum alternative jet fuel yields from palm oil and triolein were 81.74% and 63.41% with higher heating values of 49.9 MJ/ kg and 49.5 MJ/kg, respectively via the use of S4 catalyst. These results showed that with the proper tuning of Ni-Fe synergy and physicochemical properties of Ni-Fe/ZSM-5/SAPO-11 bifunctional catalyst, it is possible to produce alternative jet fuel from palm oil and triolein HDO with low water and oxygen contents and comparable higher heating value with conventional jet fuel.
Keywords
Palm oil, Triolein, Hydrodeoxygenation, Alternative jet fuel, Nickel -iron bifunctional catalyst
Divisions
fac_eng
Funders
Universiti Malaya [2004CB217807],Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund [XMUMRF/2021-C7/IENG/0032]
Publication Title
Biomass & Bioenergy
Volume
164
Publisher
Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
Publisher Location
THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND