Prevalence and risk assessment of antibiotics in riverine estuarine waters of Larut and Sangga Besar River, Perak
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2021
Abstract
Antibiotics released into the environment through anthropogenic activities exert selective pressure, driving bacteria towards increasing antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antibiotics and the ecological risks posed in the riverine estuarine of Larut River and Sangga Besar River, which included wastewater effluents from hospital, zoo, and poultry slaughterhouse sources were investigated. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to extract and quantify the antibiotic residues from 22 antibiotics belonging to six major antibiotic classes (sulfonamide, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, trimethoprim, and tetracycline). Sixteen antibiotic residues were detected with concentrations ranging from limit of detection (LOD) to 1 262.3 ng/L. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the most frequently detected compounds. Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and ofloxacin detected in hospital and zoo effluents posed a high risk to algae while tetracycline had low to medium ecological risks toward all the relevant organisms from aquatic environments (algae, invertebrate Daphnia magna, and fish).
Keywords
Antibiotic residues, Prevalence, Ecological risk, Anthropogenic pollution, Riverine, Estuarine
Divisions
Science
Funders
Ministry of Education, Malaysia[IOES2014D],Ministry of Education, Malaysia[FP048-2013A],Ministry of Education, Malaysia[SF022-2013]
Publication Title
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology
Volume
39
Issue
1
Publisher
Science Press
Publisher Location
16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING, 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA