Fused tricyclic guanidine alkaloids: Insights into their structure, synthesis and bioactivity
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2022
Abstract
A marine natural product possesses a diverse and unique scaffold that contributes to a vast array of bioactivities. Tricyclic guanidine alkaloids are a type of scaffold found only in marine natural products. These rare skeletons exhibit a wide range of biological applications, but their synthetic approaches are still limited. Various stereochemical assignments of the compounds remain unresolved. Batzelladine and ptilocaulins are an area of high interest in research on tricyclic guanidine alkaloids. In addition, mirabilins and netamines are among the other tricyclic guanidine alkaloids that contain the ptilocaulin skeleton. Due to the different structural configurations of batzelladine and ptilocaulin, these two main skeletons are afforded attention in many reports. These two main skeletons exhibit different kinds of compounds by varying their ester chain and sidechain. The synthetic approaches to tricyclic guanidine alkaloids, especially the batzelladine and ptilocaulin skeletons, are discussed. Moreover, this review compiles the first and latest research on the synthesis of these compounds and their bioactivities, dating from the 1980s to 2022.
Keywords
Marine sponges, Tricyclic guanidine, Guanidine alkaloids, Batzelladines, Ptilocaulins, Netamines, Mirabilins, Bioactivities, Synthesis
Divisions
Science
Funders
Ministry of Education, Malaysia [FP030-2019A]
Publication Title
Marine Drugs
Volume
20
Issue
9
Publisher
MDPI
Publisher Location
ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND