Ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface water and sediments on Saint Martin's Island in the Bay of Bengal
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2020
Abstract
The study aimed to determine eight hazardous heavy metals in surface water and sediment samples collected from the Naf River, Shah Porir Dwip (estuary), and mostly around Saint Martin's Island in the Bay of Bengal. The results of heavy metals in water samples were ranged as Pb 14.7-313.0, Cd 33.0-70.0, Cr < 11.0-37.0, Cu 38.0-57.0, Zn 26.8-69.2, Ni 102.0-285.0, and Hg 0.3-1.6 mu g L-1. The concentrations of metals in sediment samples were ranged as Pb < 10.0-37.5, Cd 0.2-1.0, Cr < 5.0-30.1, Cu < 3.0-30.9, Zn 24.1-88.0, Ni < 4.0-48.3, As 0.1-7.3, and Hg < 0.01-0.08 mg kg(-1) dw. Ni and Cr were strongly correlated, suggesting that this pair of metals might diffuse from a common origin. The contamination factor (C-f(i)) demonstrated that sediment samples were mostly contaminated by Cd and slightly contaminated by Pb and Zn. The geoaccumulation index (I-geo) revealed considerable values for Cd on Saint Martin's Island. Cd as a single regulator posed moderate to considerable risk frequently among the sampling stations. Pollution load index (PLI) values remained below 1 (< 1), which indicated a decrease from baseline pollution value among all stations. However, potential ecological risk (PER) was graded for two stations (St1 and St13) with a moderate-risk zone due to the Cd contribution. However, shipping emission and lithogenic sources were the most predominant for heavy metals in the sediment, which were determined by applying the principal component analysis-absolute principal component score (PCA-APCS).
Keywords
Sediments, Heavy metals, Ecological risk, Aquatic life, Principal component analysis
Divisions
CHEMISTRY,ocean
Funders
Universiti Malaya [Grant No: FP099-2019A, IIRG009A-2019],Saint Martin’s Island of Bangladesh
Publication Title
Environmental Science And Pollution Research
Volume
27
Issue
25
Publisher
Springer Heidelberg
Publisher Location
TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY