VP1 residues around the five-fold axis of enterovirus A71 mediate heparan sulfate interaction
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2017
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a neurotropic enterovirus that uses heparan sulfate as an attachment receptor. The molecular determinants of EV-A71-heparan sulfate interaction are unknown. With In silico heparin docking and mutagenesis of all possible lysine residues in VP1, we identified that K162, K242 and K244 are responsible for heparin interaction and inhibition. EV-A71 mutants with K242A and K244A rapidly acquired compensatory mutations, T100K or E98A, and Q145R-T237N respectively, which restored the heparin-binding phenotype. Both VP1-98 and VP1-145 modulates heparin binding. Heparin-binding phenotype was completely abolished with VP1-E98-E145, but was restored by an E98K or E145Q substitution. During cell culture adaptation, EV-A71 rapidly acquired K98 or Q/G145 to restore the heparin-binding phenotype. Together with next-generation sequencing analysis, our results implied that EV-A71 has high genetic plasticity by modulating positively-charged residues at the five-fold axis during in vitro heparin adaptation. Our finding has impact on EV-A71 vaccine production, evolutionary studies and pathogenesis.
Keywords
Enterovirus A71, Hand, foot and mouth disease, Heparan sulfate, Five-fold axis
Divisions
fac_med
Funders
University of Malaya High Impact Research Grant (UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/41 and E000013-20001),University of Malaya Research Grant (RP027B-15AFR),University of Malaya Research Fund Assistance (BK046-2015)
Publication Title
Virology
Volume
501
Publisher
Elsevier