Optimization of the activity of CaO/Al2O3 catalyst for biodiesel production using response surface methodology
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2009
Abstract
In this work the response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the activity of CaO/Al2O3 solid catalysts for the production of biodiesel. In order to measure the catalyst activity, we used palm oil as a representative raw material for the conversion to biodiesel. The biodiesel production was carried out in a batch laboratory scale reactor. The results showed that both the calcination temperature and the amount of calcium oxide loaded on the support had significant positive effects on the biodiesel yield. The maximum basicity and biodiesel yield obtained were about 194 μmol/g and 94, respectively. Overall, the catalyst showed high performance at moderate operating conditions and its activity was maintained after two cycles.
Keywords
Alumina, Calcium oxide, Optimization, Solid catalyst, Transesterification, Biodiesel production, Calcination temperature, Central composite designs, Laboratory-scale reactor, Operating condition, Palm oil, Positive effects, Response Surface Methodology, Solid catalysts, Biodiesel, Calcination, Calcium, Calcium alloys, Catalysis, Esterification, Lime, Surface properties, Vegetable oils, Catalyst activity.
Divisions
fac_eng
Publication Title
Applied Catalysis A: General
Volume
366
Issue
1
Publisher
Elsevier
Additional Information
Cited By (since 1996):37 Export Date: 21 April 2013 Source: Scopus CODEN: ACAGE :doi 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.06.047 Language of Original Document: English Correspondence Address: Daud, W.M.A.W.; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; email: ashri@um.edu.my References: Dalai, A.K., Kulkarni, M.G., Meher, L.C., IEEE EIC Climate Change Tech Conf. EICCCC 2006 art, , 4057358; López, D.E., Goodwin Jr., J.G., Bruce, D.A., Lotero, E., (2005) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 295, pp. 97-105; Baroutian, S., Aroua, M.K., Raman, A.A.A., Sulaiman, N.M.N., (2008) J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53, pp. 877-880; Arzamendi, G., Campo, I., Arguiñarena, E., Sánchez, M., Montes, M., GandÃa, L.M., (2007) Chem. Eng. J., 134, pp. 123-130; Bournay, L., Casanave, D., Delfort, B., Hillion, G., Chodorge, J.A., (2005) Catal. Today, 106, pp. 190-192; Dossin, T.F., Reyniers, M.F., Berger, R.J., Marin, G.B., (2006) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 67, pp. 136-148; Mbaraka, I.K., Shanks, B.H., (2006) JAOCS, 83, pp. 79-91; Dossin, T.F., Reyniers, M.-F., Berger, R.J., Marin, G.B., (2006) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 67, pp. 136-148; Chorkendorff, I., Niemantsverdriet, J.W., (2003) Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics. second ed., , Wiley-VCH, Germany; Kim, H.-J., Kang, B.-S., Kim, M.-J., Park, Y.M., Kim, D.-K., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K.-Y., (2004) Catal. Today, 93-95, pp. 315-320; Xie, W., Peng, H., Chen, L., (2006) App. Catal., A: Gen., 300, pp. 67-74; Albuquerque, M.C.G., Jiménez-Urbistondo, I., SantamarÃa-González, J., Mérida-Robles, J.M., Moreno-Tost, R., RodrÃguez-Castellón, E., Jiménez-López, A., Maireles-Torres, P., (2008) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 334, pp. 35-43; Demirbas, A., (2007) Energy Convers. Manage., 48, pp. 937-941; Granados, M.L., Poves, M.D.Z., Alonso, D.M., Mariscal, R., Galisteo, F.C., Moreno-Tost, R., SantamarÃa, J., Fierro, J.L.G., (2007) Appl. Catal., B: Environ., 73, pp. 317-326; Yang, Z., Xie, W., (2007) Fuel Process. Technol., 88, pp. 631-638; Xie, W., Huang, X., (2006) Catal. Lett., 107, pp. 53-59; Ramu, S., Lingaiah, N., Prabhavathi Devi, B.L.A., Prasad, R.B.N., Suryanarayana, I., Sai Prasad, P.S., (2004) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 276, pp. 163-168; D'Cruz, A., Kulkarni, M.G., Meher, L.C., Dalai, A.K., (2007) JAOCS, 84, pp. 937-943; Tiwari, A.K., Kumar, A., Raheman, H., (2007) Biomass Bioenergy, 31, pp. 569-575; Ghafari, S., Aziz, H.A., Hasnain, M.I., Zinatizadeh, A.K., (2009) J. Hazard. Mater., 163 (2-3), pp. 650-656; Lima, A.A.G., Nele, M., Moreno, E.L., Andrade, H.M.C., (1998) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 171 (1), pp. 31-43; Yang, W.D., Hung, K.M., Hsieh, C.S., (2002) Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 333 (1-2), pp. 123-133; Vicente, G., MartÃnez, M., Aracil, J., (2007) Bioresour. Technol., 98, pp. 1724-1733; Kuo, J., Bourell, D.L., (1997) J. Mater. Sci., 32, pp. 2687-2692; Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S., Hidaka, J., (2008) Appl. Catal., A: Gen., 334, pp. 357-365; Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., (2007) Catal. Commun., 8, pp. 1107-1111; Benjapornkulaphong, S., Ngamcharussrivichai, C., Bunyakiat, K., (2009) Chem. Eng. J., 145, pp. 468-474