Optimization of processing parameters for the preparation of phytosterol microemulsions by the solvent displacement method
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2009
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the parameters involved in the production of water-soluble phytosterol microemulsions for use in the food industry. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize four of the processing parameters, namely, the number of cycles of high-pressure homogenization (1-9 cycles), the pressure used for high-pressure homogenization (100-500 bar), the evaporation temperature (30-70 °C), and the concentration ratio of microemulsions (1-5). All responses-particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and percent ethanol residual (ER)-were well fit by a reduced cubic model obtained by multiple regression after manual elimination. The coefficient of determination (R 2) and absolute average deviation (AAD) value for PS, PDI, and ER were 0.9628 and 0.5398, 0.9953 and 0.7077, and 0.9989 and 1.0457, respectively. The optimized processing parameters were 4.88 (approximately 5) homogenization cycles, homogenization pressure of 400 bar, evaporation temperature of 44.5 0C, and concentration ratio of microemulsions of 2.34 cycles (approximately 2 cycles) of high-pressure homogenization. The corresponding responses for the optimized preparation condition were a minimal particle size of 328 nm, minimal polydispersity index of 0.159, and <0.1 of ethanol residual. The chi-square test verified the model, whereby the experimental values of PS, PDI, and ER agreed with the predicted values at a 0.05 level of significance.
Keywords
High-pressure homogenization Microemulsions Phytosterols Response surface methodology Solvent displacement method phytosterol solvent water article chemistry emulsion food industry methodology particle size solubility synthesis Emulsions Solvents
Divisions
CHEMISTRY
Publication Title
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume
57
Issue
18