Date of Award
10-8-2024
Thesis Type
Masters
Document Type
Dissertation
Divisions
Faculty of Medicine
Department
Department of Medicine
Institution
Universiti Malaya
Abstract
Raga listening has the potential to serve as therapeutic intervention utilising music for managing hypertension. This is a two-phase sequential study consisting of a scoping review and a pilot intervention study. The scoping review based on the framework by Arksey and O’ Malley aimed to determine the characteristics of the raga listening intervention, its target population, and its blood pressure monitoring method. The search strategy included electronic databases, grey literature and specialist websites. Twenty- four papers were included. Eighteen (75%) studies were conducted in India. The most prevalent study design was randomised controlled trials with 18 (75%) studies, while sample sizes ranged between ten and 252. In terms of characteristics of the population, there were more studies that included normotensive than hypertensive participants which accounted for eleven (45.8%) of the 24 studies. Based on 11 (45.8%) studies that reported mean age, the average was 43.21 years. Todi raga of Hindustani (north Indian classical music) was the most frequently utilised raga among the studies accounting for five (20.8%) of the 24 studies. The median total listening time for raga music was 220 minutes (interquartile range (IQR) = 16, 663.75). Findings from the scoping review were used to design the pilot study which aimed to evaluate the effects of raga listening on blood pressure, mood, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, the compliance and acceptance of the intervention was also assessed. There was a statistically significant mean (SD) difference of -11.48 (8.07) mmHg, p= 0.013, for systolic blood pressure in the treatment group when compared to the control group, which had a mean (SD) difference of 1.45 (3.44) mmHg. Similarly, for diastolic blood pressure, there was a statistically significant mean (SD) difference (p-value 0.04) for diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group, which was - 5.61(4.52) when compared with the control group, which had a mean (SD) difference of 0.19 (2.32) mmHg. However, when compared between baseline and post-intervention groups, the systolic blood pressure (p= 0.822), diastolic blood pressure (p= 0.937) and heart rate (p=0.861) were not statistically significant. When compared between baseline and post-intervention between groups, only stress was statistically significant (p= 0.027). For differences within the treatment group, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, depression, anxiety, and stress are all significant (p= < 0.001). Participants exhibited good compliance and a high level of acceptance of the intervention. A raga listening intervention was feasibly delivered and acceptable by participants. The next step would be an adequately powered study evaluating its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.
Additional Information
khm
Recommended Citation
Puniamurthy, Kirthana, "Effect of listening to raga music on blood pressure in the Indian ethnic population in Malaysia" (2024). Student Works (2020-2029). 1893.
https://knova.um.edu.my/student_works_2020s/1893
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Comments
Dissertation (M.A.) – Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 2024.