Date of Award
6-28-2026
Thesis Type
PhD
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Divisions
Institute for Advanced Studies
Institution
Universiti Malaya
Abstract
Although the international influence of Chinese language is growing, teaching Chinese as a second language still faces significant challenges and has considerable room for improvement. In the process of Chinese learning, it is crucial not to exclude the first language of international students. Therefore, this study aims to adopts English- Chinese code-switching (CS) to improve the writing attitudes, motivation, and anxiety of beginner Chinese learners, thereby enhancing their writing performance. This research was based on Socio-educational Theory, Language Output Hypothesis, Second Language Acquisition Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, and 365 respondents were recruited by purposive sampling method from two universities in Xi’an. The 125 respondents in the experimental group were allowed to use CS in Chinese writing, while the remaining 240 students in the control group were only- Chinese allowed to use in their writing. Quasi-experimental and correlational research design was employed in this research. Quasi-experimental design was employed firstly to explore the differences of pre-test and post-test between control and experimental group. After conducting independent and paired sample t-tests, the results showed that using CS in Chinese writing led to significantly higher post-test scores compared to the iv traditional method with a middle effect size. Secondly, descriptive analysis results indicated moderate levels of writing attitudes, motivation, and anxiety among experimental group. Next, correlation research design was used to reveal the relationships between variables. Smart PLS results showed significant relationships between using CS and writing attitude, motivation, and anxiety, as well as between writing attitude, motivation, anxiety and writing performance. Finally, the relationship between using CS and writing performance was mediated by writing attitudes, motivation, and anxiety. Significant mediation effects were observed for motivation and anxiety. Therefore, CS was recommended as an effective method to improve Chinese writing performance.
Additional Information
Thesis (PhD) – Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 2026.
Recommended Citation
Yunlu, Zhao, "The roles of English-Chinese code-switching, attitude, motivation, and anxiety on writing performance among Chinese language learners in China" (2026). Student Works (2020-2029). 2017.
https://knova.um.edu.my/student_works_2020s/2017
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Included in
Educational Psychology Commons, First and Second Language Acquisition Commons, Language and Literacy Education Commons
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